Most of us are introduced to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs early in training.

A foundational model in Western psychology.

We’re taught that once basic needs are met, we move toward the top: self-actualisation — becoming our “best self.”

But that framework, helpful as it is, centres the individual.

And for many of the clients I work with, particularly from Muslim, South Asian and collectivist cultures, healing isn’t just about personal fulfilment.

It’s about:

• Faith and accountability to God

• Family, legacy, and intergenerational responsibility

• Living with intention and spiritual direction

In Islamic psychology, the pinnacle isn’t self-actualisation.

It’s tazkiyah: purification of the soul.

It’s returning to God with a heart that is sound, humble and whole.

But this goes beyond religion.

Research across cultures and belief systems shows that when people feel connected to something greater than themselves: community, meaning and service.

They experience better mental health, greater resilience and deeper life satisfaction.

So as therapists, we need to ask:

Are we supporting clients based on what they value or what we were trained to prioritise?

Are we making space for faith, culture and purpose in the room?

This isn’t about rejecting Maslow.

It’s about complementing our models with frameworks that reflect the lived experiences of the people we serve.

Because for many, healing isn’t a ladder.

It’s a circle, grounded in connection, belonging and sacred direction.

By Asma Khan